Transition Phases
In 1903, the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty was signed between Panama and the United States. It created the Panama Canal Zone as a U.S. governed region, and allowed the U.S. to build the Panama Canal. In 1977, the Panama Canal Treaty (also called Torrijos–Carter Treaties) was signed by Commander of Panama's National Guard, General Omar Torrijos and U.S. President Jimmy Carter. Over time, it would replace and absolve the 1903 treaty.
- 1 October 1979, the Panama Canal Zone was abolished. All unused area (mainly forest) was transferred to Panama. Also some non-military constructions, like hospitals and schools, were transferred to Panama.
- Between 1979 and 31 December 1999 U.S. transferred all military areas and constructions to Panama. Formal U.S. presence was ended by 2000. In total 95,293 acres (386 square kilometres) with 5,237 buildings were handed over for free. Their estimated value was some $4 billion US$.
- After the United States invasion of Panama in 1989, some installations were reactivated by the U.S. Still, these were abolished by 2000.
Read more about this topic: List Of Former United States Army Installations In Panama
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