List of English Inventions and Discoveries - Science

Science

• Modern atomic theory – Considered the father of modern chemistry, John Dalton's experiments with gases led to the development of what is called the modern atomic theory.
• Cell biology – Credit for the discovery of the first cells is given to Robert Hooke who described the microscopic compartments of cork cells in 1665
• Compound microscope with 30x magnification – Robert Hooke
• Universal joint – Robert Hooke
• Coggeshall slide rule – Henry Coggeshall
• The Iris diaphragm – Robert Hooke
• Correct theory of combustion – Robert Hooke
• Partition chromatography – Richard Laurence Millington Synge and Archer J.P. Martin
• Arnold Frederic Wilkins – pioneer in the development of Radar
• Atwood machine used for illustrating the law of uniformly accelerated motion – George Atwood
• Marine Barometer – Robert Hooke
• Hooke's Law (equation describing elasticity) – Robert Hooke
• Electrical generator (dynamo) – Michael Faraday
• Faraday cage – Michael Faraday
• Magneto-optical effect – Michael Faraday
• Calculus – Sir Isaac Newton
• Infrared radiation – discovery commonly attributed to William Herschel.
• Holography – First developed by Dennis Gabor in Rugby, England. Improved by Nicholas J. Phillips who made it possible to record multi-colour reflection holograms
• Discovery of the pion (pi-meson) – Cecil Frank Powell
• Wheatstone bridge – Samuel Hunter Christie
• Triple achromatic lens – Peter Dollond
• Newtonian telescope – Sir Isaac Newton
• Hawking radiation – Stephen Hawking
• Demonstrated that electric circuits obey the law of the conservation of energy and that electricity is a form of energy First Law of Thermodynamics. Also the unit of energy, the Joule is named after him – James Prescott Joule
• Micrometer – Sir William Gascoigne
  • the first bench micrometer that was capable of measuring to one ten thousandth of an inch – Henry Maudslay
• Sinclair Executive, the world's first small electronic pocket calculator – Sir Clive Sinclair
• Discovered the element argon – John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh with Scotsman William Ramsay
• Standard deviation – Francis Galton
• Slide rule – William Oughtred
• Synthesis of coumarin, one of the first synthetic perfumes, and cinnamic acid via the Perkin reaction- William Henry Perkin
• The Law of Gravity – Sir Isaac Newton
• Newton's laws of motion – Sir Isaac Newton
• Geological Timescale – Arthur Holmes
• Electromagnet – William Sturgeon in 1823.
• Helium – Norman Lockyer
• Weather map – Sir Francis Galton
• Introduced the symbol for "is less than" and "is greater than" – Thomas Harriot 1630
• Introduced the "×" symbol for multiplication as well as the abbreviations "sin" and "cos" for the sine and cosine functions – William Oughtred
• Dew Point Hygrometer – John Frederic Daniell
• Periodic Table – John Alexander Reina Newlands
• Splitting the atom – John Cockcroft and Irish physicist Ernest Walton
• Seismograph – John Milne
• Discovery of oxygen gas (O2) – Joseph Priestley
• Discovery of the Atom(nuclear model of) – Ernest Rutherford
• Discovery of the Proton – Ernest Rutherford
• Discovery of the Electron, isotopes and the inventor of the Mass spectrometer – J. J. Thomson
• Discovery of the Neutron – James Chadwick
• Discovery of Hydrogen – Henry Cavendish
• Nuclear transfer – Is a form of cloning first put into practice by Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell to clone Dolly the Sheep
• Theory of Evolution – Charles Darwin