Evidence
Kin recognition is a behavioral adaptation noted in many species but proximate level mechanisms are not well documented. Recent studies have shown that kin recognition can result from a multitude of sensory input. Jill Mateo notes that there are 3 components are prominent in kin recognition. First, “production of unique phenotypic dues or labels.” Second, “perception of these labels and the degree of correspondence of these labels with a ‘recognition template,’” and finally the recognition of the phenotypes should lead to, “action taken by the animal as a function of the perceived similarity between its template and an encountered phenotype.”
The 3 components allow for several possible mechanisms of kin recognition. Sensory information gathered from visual, olfactory and auditory stimuli are the most prevalent. The belding ground squirrel kin produce similar odors in comparison to non-kin. Mateo notes that the squirrels spent longer investigating non-kin scents suggesting recognition of kin odor. It’s also noted that belding’s ground squirrels produce at least 2 scents arising from dorsal and oral secretions, giving 2 opportunities for kin recognition. Auditory distinctions have been noted among avian species. Long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus) are capable of discriminating kin and non-kin based on contact calls. Distinguishing calls are often learned from adults during the nestling period.
Read more about this topic: Kin Recognition
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