Kawashima is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Ai Kawashima, musician
- Azumi Kawashima
- Chiyoko Kawashima, voice actress
- Eiji Kawashima, association football goalkeeper
- Hiroshi Kawashima, boxer
- Justin Kawashima, music producer
- Katsushige Kawashima, boxer
- Kozo Kawashima, ski jumper
- Naniwa Kawashima, spy
- Naomi Kawashima, actress
- Ryuta Kawashima, neuroscientist
- Tokuyoshi Kawashima, voice actor
- Umika Kawashima, singer and actress
- Yasunaru Kawashima, cardiothoracic surgeon who pioneered the Kawashima procedure
- Yoshiko Kawashima Manchu princess
- Yuzo Kawashima, filmmaker