Writing System
Karakalpak was written in the Arabic and Persian script until 1928, in the Latin script (with additional characters) from 1928 to 1940, after which Cyrillic was introduced. Following Uzbekistan's independence in 1991, the decision was made to drop Cyrillic and revert to the Latin alphabet. Whilst the use of Latin script is now widespread in Tashkent, its introduction into Karakalpakstan remains gradual. The Cyrillic and Latin alphabets are shown below with their equivalent representations in the IPA. Cyrillic letters with no representation in the Latin alphabet are marked with asterisks.
| Cyrillic | Latin | IPA | Cyrillic | Latin | IPA | Cyrillic | Latin | IPA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Аа | Aa | /a/ | Ққ | /q/ | Фф | Ff | /f/ | |||
| Әә | A'a' | /æ/ | Лл | Ll | /l/ | Хх | Xx | /x/ | ||
| Бб | Bb | /b/ | Мм | Mm | /m/ | Ҳҳ | Hh | /h/ | ||
| Вв | Vv | /v/ | Нн | Nn | /n/ | Цц* | ts | /ts/ | ||
| Гг | Gg | /ɡ/ | Ңң | N'n' | /ŋ/ | Чч* | ch | /tʃ/ | ||
| Ғғ | G'g' | /ɣ/ | Оо | Oo | /o/ | Шш | SHsh | /ʃ/ | ||
| Дд | Dd | /d/ | Өө | O'o' | /œ/ | Щщ* | sh | /ʃ/ | ||
| Ее | Ee | /e/ | Пп | Pp | /p/ | Ъъ* | ||||
| Ёё* | yo | /jo/ | Рр | Rr | /r/ | Ыы | Iı | /ɯ/ | ||
| Жж | Jj | /ʒ/ | Сс | Ss | /s/ | Ьь* | ||||
| Зз | Zz | /z/ | Тт | Tt | /t/ | Ээ | Ee | /e/ | ||
| Ии | İi | /i/ | Уу | Uu | /u/ | Юю* | yu | /ju/ | ||
| Йй | Yy | /j/ | Үү | U'u' | /y/ | Яя | ya | /ja/ | ||
| Кк | Kk | /k/ | Ўў | Ww | /w/ |
Read more about this topic: Karakalpak Language
Famous quotes containing the words writing and/or system:
“In the course of writing one historical book or another, it has happened that I could hardly restrain myself from simply copying entire documents. Indeed, I sometimes sank down among the documents and said to myself, I can’t improve on these.”
—Alfred Döblin (1878–1957)
“The truth is, the whole administration under Roosevelt was demoralized by the system of dealing directly with subordinates. It was obviated in the State Department and the War Department under [Secretary of State Elihu] Root and me [Taft was the Secretary of War], because we simply ignored the interference and went on as we chose.... The subordinates gained nothing by his assumption of authority, but it was not so in the other departments.”
—William Howard Taft (1857–1930)