Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), (Russian: Калмыцкая Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика) was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian SFSR that existed at two periods of time. Its administrative city was Elista.
First time, the Kalmyk ASSR was established when Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast (established November 4, 1920) had its status increased on October 22, 1935. The ASSR existed until 1943 when it was abolished after it was liberated from fascist invaders
Second time, the Kalmyk ASSR was established when newly formed Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast (re-established in January 1957) had its status increased during 1958. In 1990 the declaration of the sovereignty and transformation of Kalmykia into the Soviet Republic was accepted. The ASSR existed until March 31, 1992, when its status was increased to a republic within the Russian Federation.
A minor planet 2287 Kalmykia discovered in 1977 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh is named after Kalmyk A.S.S.R.
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