Jadwiga (; diminutive Jadzia ) is a Polish feminine given name. It originated from the old German Hedwig (compounded from hadu, "battle", and wig, "fight").
- Jadwiga of Greater Poland, Queen of Poland and mother of Casimir III of Poland
- Jadwiga of Żagań, Queen of Poland, wife of Casimir III of Poland (daughter-in-law of previous)
- Jadwiga of Poland (1374-1399), (female) King of Poland, named after Saint Hedwig of Andechs
- Jadwiga Jagiellon (disambiguation), several Polish princesses of that name
In fiction:
- Jadzia, a humanoid host of Dax, a symbiont on Star Trek: Deep Space 9
- Jadwiga -- a fictional Nazi death camp in the 1974 TV mini-series "QB-VII" (and same-titled book by author Leon Uris).
- Jadwiga, a ghost in Esther Friesner's trilogy, Gnome Man's Land. Mother of Yang, a Mongolian ancestral spirit who in life had been the leader of the fictional Cerise Horde after killing her husband when she refused sexual advances. Apparently can do wonderful things with dog meat.
- Jadwigai, a Kaunian character in Harry Turtledove's Darkness series.