Intermolecular Force - Ion-dipole and Ion-induced Dipole Forces

Ion-dipole and Ion-induced Dipole Forces

Ion-dipole and ion-induced-dipole forces operate more like dipole-dipole and induced-dipole interactions, but involve ions instead of only polar and non-polar molecules being involved. Ion-dipole and ion-induced dipole forces are stronger than dipole interactions because the charge of any ion is much greater than the charge of a dipole moment. Ion-dipole bonding is stronger than hydrogen bonding.

An ion-dipole force consists of an ion and a polar molecule interacting. They align so that the positive and negative forces are next to one another, allowing for maximum attraction.

An ion-induced dipole force consists of an ion and a non-polar molecule interacting. Like a dipole-induced dipole force, the charge of the ion causes a distortion of the electron cloud on the non-polar molecule.