The Difficulties of Intergalactic Travel and A Possible Solution
Intergalactic travel, as it pertains to humans, is impractical by modern engineering ability and is considered pure science fiction. It would require the available means of propulsion to become advanced far beyond what is currently thought possible to engineer in order to bring a large craft close to the speed of light. While it takes light approximately 2.54 million years to traverse the gulf of space between Earth and the Andromeda Galaxy, it would take an arbitrarily short amount of time for a traveler at relativistic speed due to the effects of time dilation; the time experienced by the traveler depends both on velocity, being anything less than the speed of light, and distance traveled (length contraction).
Unless the craft were capable of reaching extreme relativistic speeds, another obstacle would be to navigate the spacecraft between galaxies and succeed in reaching any chosen galaxy, star, planet or other body, as this would need an understanding of galactic movements and their coordination that has not yet been attained.
In addition, the craft would have to be of considerable size and, without reaching speeds with noteworthy relativistic effect as mentioned above, it would also need a life support system and structural design able to support human life through thousands of generations and last the millions of years required, including the propulsion system—which would have to work perfectly the millions of years after it was built to slow down the machine for its final approach.
Even for unmanned probes which would be much lighter in mass, the problem exists that the information they send can only travel at light speed, which would mean millions of years just to receive the data they send.
Current physics states that an object within space-time cannot exceed the speed of light, which seemingly limits any object to the millions of years it would at best take for a craft traveling near the speed of light to reach any remote galaxy. Science fiction frequently employs speculative concepts such as wormholes and hyperspace as more practical means of intergalactic travel to work around this issue.
The Alcubierre drive is the only feasible concept, highly hypothetical, that exists nowadays and that is able in theory to impulse a spacecraft to speeds faster than light. The spaceship itself wouldn't move faster than light, but the space around it would, allowing practical intergalactic travel. There is no known way to create the space-distorting wave this concept needs to work, but the metrics of the equations comply with relativity and the limit of light speed.
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