Highly Exposed Persistently Seronegative
There is another, smaller percentage of individuals who have been recently identified. These are called Highly Exposed Persistently Seronegative (HEPS). This is a small group of individuals and has been observed only in a group of uninfected HIV-negative prostitutes in Kenya and in The Gambia. When these individuals' PBMCs are stimulated with HIV-1 peptides, they have lymphoproliferative activity and have HIV-1 specific CD8+ CTL activity suggesting that transient infection may have occurred. This does not occur in unexposed individuals. What is interesting, is that the CTL epitope specificity differs between HEPS and HIV positive individuals, and in HEPS, the maintenance of responses appears to be dependent upon persistent exposure to HIV.
Read more about this topic: HIV Disease Progression Rates
Famous quotes containing the words highly, exposed and/or persistently:
“a highly respectable gondolier,
Who promised the Royal babe to rear
And teach him the trade of a timoneer
With his own beloved brattling.”
—Sir William Schwenck Gilbert (1836–1911)
“He has a nasty instinct for the exposed groin, and always puts his knee in just to stir things up.”
—Austin Mitchell (b. 1934)
“A person is far more likely to appear to have sound character because he persistently follows his temperament than because he persistently follows his principles.”
—Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)