Judicial Rulings
- 1898 United States v. Wong Kim Ark A US-born son of Chinese immigrants was ruled to be a US citizen under the 14th Amendment; the Chinese Exclusion Act was held not to apply to someone born in the US.
- 1922 Takao Ozawa v. United States Japanese despite being light-skinned are deemed not-white and thereby exempt from rights and privileges of naturalization.
- 1923 United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind Indians despite being anthropologically Caucasian are ruled to be not-white and further ruled to instead be Asian, thereby subjecting them to pre-existing anti-Asian laws
Read more about this topic: History Of Asian American Immigration
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“Scarcely any political question arises in the United States that is not resolved, sooner or later, into a judicial question.”
—Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859)