Traditional Categorization of Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) Words in Hindi Pedagogy
Words in Hindustani are analysed in traditional Hindi pedagogy as falling into the following categories:
- Tadbhava (तद्भव/تدبھو derived from): There are words that are derived from Sanskrit or Prakrit, but often with much transformation.
- Tatsama (तत्सम/تتسم identical): Words that are in exactly the same form (when written) as standard Sanskrit.
- Deshaja (देशज/دیشج local): words that are unrelated to any Sanskrit words, and of local origin.
- Videshi: Loan words from non-Indian languages that include Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Portuguese, or English.
The use of tatsama words was much less common in Apabhramsha. The most common words in Hindustani are tadbhava and are derived through Prakrit and Apabhramsha.
Urdu spoken in Pakistan (and some states in India) and Hindi spoken in India, besides use of different script, can be very similar. Generally Modern Standard Hindi accepts all vocabulary of mostly farsi and Arabic origin found in Urdu, while Urdu is not able to incorporate all of the Sanskrit originated vocabulary found in Hindi.
Read more about this topic: Hindustani Etymology
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