Hague Convention of 1899
The peace conference was proposed on August 29, 1898 by Russian Tsar Nicholas II. Nicholas and Count Mikhail Nikolayevich Muravyov, his foreign minister, were instrumental in initiating the conference. The conference opened on May 18, 1899, the Tsar's birthday. The convention was signed on July 29 of that year, and entered into force on September 4, 1900. The Hague Convention of 1899 consisted of four main sections and three additional declarations (the final main section is for some reason identical to the first additional declaration):
- I: Pacific Settlement of International Disputes. This section included the creation of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
- II: Laws and Customs of War on Land
- III: Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of Principles of Geneva Convention of 1864
- IV: Prohibiting Launching of Projectiles and Explosives from Balloons
- Declaration I: On the Launching of Projectiles and Explosives from Balloons
- Declaration II: On the Use of Projectiles the Object of Which is the Diffusion of Asphyxiating or Deleterious Gases
- Declaration III: On the Use of Bullets Which Expand or Flatten Easily in the Human Body
The main effect of the Convention was to ban the use of certain types of modern technology in war: bombing from the air, chemical warfare, and hollow point bullets.
Read more about this topic: Hague Conventions Of 1899 And 1907
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