Production
Large quantities of width controlled GNRs can be produced via graphite nanotomy process shown by Berry group, where sharp diamond knife application on graphite produces graphite nanoblocks, which are exfoliated to produce GNRs. GNRs can also be produced by unzipping or cutting open nanotubes. In one such method by Tour group multi-walled carbon nanotubes were unzipped in solution by action of potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid. In another method by Dai group GNRs were produced by plasma etching of nanotubes partly embedded in a polymer film. More recently, graphene nanoribbons have been grown onto silicon carbide (SiC) substrates using ion implantation followed by vacuum or laser annealing. The latter technique allows one to write any pattern onto SiC substrates with 5 nm precision.
Read more about this topic: Graphene Nanoribbons
Famous quotes containing the word production:
“To expect to increase prices and then to maintain them at a higher level by means of a plan which must of necessity increase production while decreasing consumption is to fly in the face of an economic law as well established as any law of nature.”
—Calvin Coolidge (1872–1933)
“The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.”
—Karl Marx (1818–1883)
“I really know nothing more criminal, more mean, and more ridiculous than lying. It is the production either of malice, cowardice, or vanity; and generally misses of its aim in every one of these views; for lies are always detected, sooner or later.”
—Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl Chesterfield (1694–1773)