Gradient Descent - Solution of A Non-linear System

Solution of A Non-linear System

Gradient descent can also be used to solve a system of nonlinear equations. Below is an example that shows how to use the gradient descent to solve for three unknown variables, x1, x2, and x3. This example shows one iteration of the gradient descent.

Consider a nonlinear system of equations:

\begin{cases} 3x_1-\cos(x_2x_3)-\tfrac{3}{2}=0 \\ 4x_1^2-625x_2^2+2x_2-1=0 \\ \exp(-x_1x_2)+20x_3+\tfrac{10\pi-3}{3}=0 \end{cases}

suppose we have the function

G(\mathbf{x}) = \begin{bmatrix} 3x_1-\cos(x_2x_3)-\tfrac{3}{2} \\ 4x_1^2-625x_2^2+2x_2-1 \\ \exp(-x_1x_2)+20x_3+\tfrac{10\pi-3}{3} \\ \end{bmatrix}

where

\mathbf{x} =\begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ x_3 \\ \end{bmatrix}

and the objective function

With initial guess

\mathbf{x}^{(0)}=\begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ x_3 \\ \end{bmatrix} =\begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ \end{bmatrix}

We know that

where

The Jacobian matrix

J_G = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & \sin(x_2x_3)x_3 & \sin(x_2x_3)x_2 \\ 8x_1 & -1250x_2+2 & 0 \\ -x_2\exp{(-x_1x_2)} & -x_1\exp(-x_1x_2) & 20\\ \end{bmatrix}

Then evaluating these terms at

J_G \left(\mathbf{x}^{(0)}\right) = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 2 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 20 \end{bmatrix}

and

G(\mathbf{x}^{(0)}) = \begin{bmatrix} -2.5\\ -1\\ 10.472 \end{bmatrix}

So that

\mathbf{x}^{(1)}=0-\gamma_0 \begin{bmatrix} -7.5\\ -2\\ 209.44 \end{bmatrix}.

and

F \left(\mathbf{x}^{(0)}\right) = 0.5((-2.5)^2 + (-1)^2 + (10.472)^2) = 58.456

Now a suitable must be found such that . This can be done with any of a variety of line search algorithms. One might also simply guess which gives

\mathbf{x}^{(1)}=\begin{bmatrix} 0.0075 \\ 0.002 \\ -0.20944 \\ \end{bmatrix}

evaluating at this value,

F \left(\mathbf{x}^{(1)}\right) = 0.5((-2.48)^2 + (-1.00)^2 + (6.28)^2) = 23.306

The decrease from to the next step's value of is a sizable decrease in the objective function. Further steps would reduce its value until a solution to the system was found.

Read more about this topic:  Gradient Descent

Famous quotes containing the words solution of, solution and/or system:

    “I herewith commission you to carry out all preparations with regard to ... a total solution of the Jewish question in those territories of Europe which are under German influence.... I furthermore charge you to submit to me as soon as possible a draft showing the ... measures already taken for the execution of the intended final solution of the Jewish question.”
    —Hermann Goering (1893–1946)

    “What is history? Its beginning is that of the centuries of systematic work devoted to the solution of the enigma of death, so that death itself may eventually be overcome. That is why people write symphonies, and why they discover mathematical infinity and electromagnetic waves.”
    —Boris Pasternak (1890–1960)

    “Social and scientific progress are assured, sir, once our great system of postpossession payments is in operation, not the installment plan, no sir, but a system of small postpossession payments that clinch the investment. No possible rational human wish unfulfilled. A man with a salary of fifty dollars a week can start payments on a Rolls-Royce, the Waldorf-Astoria, or a troupe of trained seals if he so desires.”
    —John Dos Passos (1896–1970)