Gneisenau may refer to:
- August von Gneisenau (1760–1831), Prussian field marshal
- One of the German naval ships named after him:
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- SMS Gneisenau (1879), three-masted iron-hulled frigate, launched 1879, wrecked 1900
- SMS Gneisenau, World War I armoured cruiser, launched 1906, sunk 1914
- Gneisenau (1935), a passenger ship operated by the Norddeutscher Lloyd
- German battleship Gneisenau, World War II battleship, launched 1936, scuttled as blockship, 1945
- Schulfregatte Gneisenau, formerly HMS Oakley, a destroyer acquired by the German Navy in 1958, stricken 1977
- Gneisenau concentration camp, where the children from Lidice were taken
- Gneisenau Castle, Austria
- Gneisenaustraße (Berlin U-Bahn), station on the Berlin U-Bahn (underground railway)