Esperanto Orthography - Braille, Sign, and Morse Code

Braille, Sign, and Morse Code

Esperanto versions of international Morse code and Braille include the six diacritic letters. In Braille, the circumflex is indicated by adding a point at position 6 (lower right): ⠩ ĉ, ⠻ ĝ, ⠳ ĥ, ⠺ ĵ, ⠮ ŝ. Therefore the letter ĵ has the same form as unused French/English ⠺ w; to write a w, dot 3 is added: ⠾ w. Esperanto ŭ is like ⠥ u, but reflected, so the first dot is moved to the fourth place: ⠬ ŭ. An Esperanto Braille magazine, Aŭroro, has been published since 1920.

There is a proposed manual alphabet as part of the Signuno project. Signuno itself, as signed Esperanto rather than a language in its own right, is a manual logographic Esperanto orthography. The Signuno alphabet deviates from international norms (that is, ASL with an Irish T) in that all letters are upright, with a straight wrist: the G is simply turned upright, while the H, P, Q are taken from Irish, the J from Russian, and the Z appears to be unique to Signuno. (It's shaped like an ASL 3, and appears to be derived from alphabetically adjacent V the way Ŭ was derived from adjacent U.) The diacritic letters Ŝ, Ĥ, Ĝ, Ŭ are derived from their base letters S, H, G, U; while Ĉ and Ĵ, like J, are Russian. Numerals 1–5 include the thumb, 6–9 do not, and 10, 100, 1000 are the Roman numerals X, C, M.