Eshkol (Hebrew: אשכול) is a Hebrew language word meaning Raceme, a region of a flowering-plant's anatomy. Figuratively, Eshkol means rich collection of knowledge, e.g. in the phrase ish-eshkolot (איש אשכולות), literally "man of racemes", which is the Hebrew term for polymath. Israel's third prime minister, born as Levi Schkolnik, changed his name to Levi Eshkol, in order to carry a Hebrew last name that would preserve both the meaning and sound of his original Yiddish name (schkolnik means "scholar" or "educated").
Eshkol can refer to:
- Place names
- Ramat Eshkol, a Jerusalem neighbourhood
- Eshkol Regional Council, a locality in southern Israel
- Given names
- Eshkol Nevo, an Israeli author and nephew of the politician
- Family names
- Levi Eshkol, an Israeli Prime Minister
- Other
- Eshkol Academy, a former Jewish school in the United States