Major Equations of State
For a given amount of substance contained in a system, the temperature, volume, and pressure are not independent quantities; they are connected by a relationship of the general form:
In the following equations the variables are defined as follows. Any consistent set of units may be used, although SI units are preferred. Absolute temperature refers to use of the Kelvin (K) or Rankine (°R) temperature scales, with zero being absolute zero.
- = pressure (absolute)
- = volume
- = number of moles of a substance
- = = molar volume, the volume of 1 mole of gas or liquid
- = absolute temperature
- = ideal gas constant (8.314472 J/(mol·K))
- = pressure at the critical point
- = molar volume at the critical point
- = absolute temperature at the critical point
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