Individual Substances and Their Impacts On Development
Cigarette smoke—stillbirth, placental disruption, prematurity, lower mean birth weight, physical birth defects (cleft palate etc.), decrements in lung function, increased risk of infant mortality (ATSDR,2012).
Carbon dioxide--- decreased oxygen delivery to brain, intellectual deficiencies (ATSDR, 2012)
Lead---miscarriage, low birth weight, neurological delays, anemia, encephalopathy, paralysis, blindness, (ATSDR, 2012, Lanphear, et al., 2005)
Risk factors:include recent immigration to the U.S., occupational exposure, imported cosmetics, and renovating or remodeling a home built before 1970.
Reducing exposure: Never eat nonfood items (clay, soil, pottery or paint chips); avoid jobs or hobbies that may involve lead exposure; stay away from repair, repainting, renovation and remodeling work conducted in homes built before 1978; eat a balanced diet with adequate intakes of iron and calcium; avoid cosmetics, food additives and medicines imported from overseas; and remove shoes at the door to prevent tracking in lead and other pollutants.
Mercury---cerebral palsy, limb defects, mental retardation (Lanphear, et al., 2005).
Risk factors: Exposure can come from eating fish, contact with quicksilver, and use of skin-lightening creams.
Reducing exposure to mercury: Pregnant, preconception and breastfeeding women should follow U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and state-specific fish consumption guidelines. Avoid shark, swordfish, king mackerel, tile fish and large tuna.
Ionizing radiation---miscarriage, low birth weight, physical birth defects, childhood cancers (ATSDR,2012)
Below is chart that states only a few of the developmental tasks hindered in fetal exposure to enviornmentak toxins.
Read more about this topic: Environmental Toxins And Fetal Development
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