DNA Repair
Endonucleases play a role in DNA repair. AP Endonuclease, specifically, catalyze the incision of DNA exclusively at AP sites, and therefore prepare DNA for subsequent excision, repair synthesis and DNA ligation. For example, when depurination occurs, this lesion leaves a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base . The AP enodnuclease recognizes this sugar and essentially cuts the DNA at this site and then allows for DNA repair to continue . E. coli cells contain two AP endonucleases: endonuclease IV (endoIV) and exonuclease III (exoIII). While in Eukaryotes, there is only one AP enodnuclease.
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