Electrophilicity Scale
| Electrophilicity index | |
| Fluorine | 3.86 |
| Chlorine | 3.67 |
| Bromine | 3.40 |
| Iodine | 3.09 |
| Hypochlorite | 2.52 |
| Sulfur dioxide | 2.01 |
| Carbon disulfide | 1.64 |
| Benzene | 1.45 |
| Sodium | 0.88 |
| Some selected values (no dimensions) | |
Several methods exist to rank electrophiles in order of reactivity and one of them is devised by Robert Parr with the electrophilicity index ω given as:
with the electronegativity and chemical hardness. This equation is related to classical equation for electrical power:
where is the resistance (Ohm or Ω) and is voltage. In this sense the electrophilicity index is a kind of electrophilic power. Correlations have been found between electrophilicity of various chemical compounds and reaction rates in biochemical systems and such phenomena as allergic contact dermititis.
An electrophilicity index also exists for free radicals. Strongly electrophilic radicals such as the halogens react with electron-rich reaction sites, and strongly nucleophilic radicals such as the 2-hydroxypropyl-2-yl and tert-butyl radical react with a preference for electron-poor reaction sites.
Read more about this topic: Electrophile
Famous quotes containing the word scale:
“The most perfect political community must be amongst those who are in the middle rank, and those states are best instituted wherein these are a larger and more respectable part, if possible, than both the other; or, if that cannot be, at least than either of them separate, so that being thrown into the balance it may prevent either scale from preponderating.”
—Aristotle (384–322 B.C.)