The acronym ECD can refer to:
- Early Childhood Development
- East Caribbean dollar, an alternative but incorrect abbreviation for XCD
- Eastern Continental Divide, a drainage divide that demarcates the watersheds of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Seaboard
- ECD (gene), a gene also known as GCR2 or HSGT1 and involved in the regulation of glycolysis, among other functions
- E. C. Drury School for the Deaf, an elementary/secondary school in Canada
- Economic Crime Department, the Fraud Squad of the City of London Police
- Efficiency of conversion of digested food, a unit of measurement of the level of digested food that converts to biomass
- Electron capture detector, a chromatography scientific device
- Electron-capture dissociation, a spectrometric method
- Electronic civil disobedience, a type of civil disobedience
- Energy Citations Database, maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy
- English country dance, a form of folk dance
- Energy Conversion Devices, a company founded by Stanford Ovshinsky
- Enhanced CD, a type of Compact Disc
- Equine Cushing's Disease
- Equivalent Current Dipole
- Erdheim–Chester disease, a rare illness also known as polyostotic sclerosing histiocytosis
- Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer, a radiopharmaceutical
- Executive Creative Director, a position often found within the graphic design, film, music, fashion, advertising, media or entertainment industries, but may be useful in other creative organizations such as web development and software development firms as well
- Expanded Criteria Donor, a term for organ donors who are below a set of standard criteria
- Estimated completion date