Definition
It is defined as the increase in the diameter of a halftone dot during the prepress and printing processes. Total dot gain is the difference between the dot size on the film negative and the corresponding printed dot size. For example, a dot pattern that covers 30% of the image area on film, but covers 50% when printed, is said to show a total dot gain of 20%.
However, with today's computer-to-plate imaging systems, which eliminates film completely, the measure of "film" is the original digital source "dot." Therefore, dot gain is now measured as the original digital dot versus the actual measured ink dot on paper.
Mathematically, dot gain is defined as:
where is the ink area fraction of the print, and is the pre-press area fraction to be inked. The latter may be the fraction of opaque material on a film positive (or transparent material on a film negative), or the relative command value in a digital prepress system.
Read more about this topic: Dot Gain
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