Definition
The deviance for a model M0, based on a dataset y, is defined as
Here denotes the fitted values of the parameters in the model M0, while denotes the fitted parameters for the "full model" (or "saturated model"): both sets of fitted values are implicitly functions of the observations y. Here the full model is a model with a parameter for every observation so that the data are fitted exactly. This expression is simply −2 times the log-likelihood ratio of the reduced model compared to the full model. The deviance is used to compare two models - in particular in the case of generalized linear models where it has a similar role to residual variance from ANOVA in linear models (RSS).
Suppose in the framework of the GLM, we have two nested models, M1 and M2. In particular, suppose that M1 contains the parameters in M2, and k additional parameters. Then, under the null hypothesis that M2 is the true model, the difference between the deviances for the two models follows an approximate chi-squared distribution with k-degrees of freedom.
Some usage of the term "deviance" can be confusing. According to Collett:
- "the quantity is sometimes referred to as a deviance. This is inappropriate, since unlike the deviance used in the context of generalized linear modelling, does not measure deviation from a model that is a perfect fit to the data."
Read more about this topic: Deviance (statistics)
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