Principle
The principle of the ΔΣ architecture is explained at length in section 2. Initially, when a sequence starts, the circuit will have an arbitrary state which is dependant on the integral of all previous history. In mathematical terms this corresponds to the arbitrary integration constant of the indefinite integral. This follows from the fact that at the heart of the method there is an integrator which can have any arbitrary state dependant on previous input, see Fig. 1c (d). From the occurrence of the first pulse onward the frequency of the pulse stream is proportional to the input voltage to be transformed. A demonstration applet is available online to simulate the whole architecture.
Read more about this topic: Delta-sigma Modulation
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