Site
The Crow Creek site, designated 39BF11 under the Smithsonian site numbering system, is located along the Missouri River in central South Dakota. The site is located on lands under the control of the US Army Corps of Engineers and is now surrounded by the Crow Creek Indian Reservation. The descendents of the people of both the Middle Missouri and Initial Coalescent cultures now live in North Dakota as the Mandan and Arikara Nations of the Three Affiliated Tribes (with the Hidatsa) during the 14th century. Crow Creek is now a well-preserved archaeological site (Willey 1982). It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places automatically when the Register was started in 1964.
In 1978, South Dakota State Archaeologist, Robert Alex, and other members of his office attended a meeting hosted by the South Dakota Archaeological Society. They toured the Crow Creek site and discovered human bones eroding from the end of the fortification ditch (Zimmerman and Whitten 1980; Willey and Emerson 1993). After permission to excavate the site was received, skeletal remains of at least 486 Crow Creek villagers were uncovered. These estimates were based on the number of right temporals present at the scene (Willey et al. 1997). This event, called the Crow Creek Massacre, has raised many questions in the archaeological community, among them being who would have attacked the Crow Creek village and why it was attacked.
Read more about this topic: Crow Creek Massacre
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