Convergence (telecommunications) - History

History

Communication networks were designed to carry different types of information independently. Radio was designed for audio, and Televisions were designed for video. The older media, such as Television and radio, are broadcasting networks with passive audiences. Convergence of telecommunication technology permits the manipulation of all forms of information, voice, data, and video. Telecommunication has changed from a world of scarcity to one of seemingly limitless capacity. Consequently, the possibility of audience interactivity morphs the passive audience into an engaged audience.

The historical roots of convergence can be traced back to the emergence of mobile telephony and the Internet, although the term properly applies only from the point in marketing history when fixed and mobile telephony began to be offered by operators as joined products. Fixed and mobile operators were, for most of the 1990s, independent companies. Even when the same organization marketed both products, these were sold and serviced independently.

The norm of the 1990s media convergence: An implicit and often explicit assumption that new media was going to replace the old media and Internet was going to replace broadcasting. In Nicholas Negroponte's Being Digital, Negroponte predicts the collapse of broadcast networks in favor of an era of narrow-casting. He also suggests that no government regulation can shatter the media conglomeration. "The monolithic empires of mass media are dissolving into an array of cottage industries.... Media barons of today will be grasping to hold onto their centralized empires tomorrow.... The combined forces of technology and human nature will ultimately take a stronger hand in plurality than any laws Congress can invent." The new media companies claims the old media would be absorbed fully and completely into the orbit of the emerging technologies.

George Gilder dismisses such claim "The computer industry is converging with the television industry in the same sense that the automobile converged with the horse, the TV converged with the nickelodeon, the word-processing program converged with the typewriter, the CAD program converged with the drafting board, and digital desktop publishing converged with the Linotype machine and the letterpress." Gilder believes that computers had come not to transform mass culture but to destroy it.

Media companies put Media Convergence back to their agenda, after the Dot-com bubble burst. Erstwhile Knight Ridder promulgated concept of portable magazines, newspaper, and books in 1994. To imagine and create the entertainment business in the future, The New Orleans Media Experience, organized by HSI Productions, Inc., was hold in October 2003. Jenkins concludes that this event is going to be an old trick, which is going to be like radio stations take over televisions; "An Old Testament God threatening destruction unless they followed His rules" (Jenkins); the media giants are going to occupy the new technology again.

Technology Development List
  1. The printed newspaper (1436)
  2. The 'Silent Pictures (1888)
  3. Radio (1896)
  4. Telephone (1876)
  5. Silicon Chip (1896)
  6. Cellphone (1973)
  7. Digital Camera (1981)
  8. PDA (1981)
  9. The Internet (1983)
  10. Email (1965)
  11. Wikis (1995)
  12. Facebook (2004)
  13. Twitter (2006)

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