Compaction may refer to:
- Soil compaction, for mechanically induced compaction near the ground surface
- Compaction (geology), part of the process of lithification involving mechanical dewatering of a sediment by progressive loading under several km of geomaterial
- Waste compaction, related to garbage
- Cold compaction, powder compaction at low temperatures
- Data compaction, related to computers
- Curve-fitting compaction
- Compactor, a device that performs compaction
- Compaction, a process during early embryogenesis, which occurs during the cleavage stage of human embryogenesis