Advantages and Disadvantages Compared To Other Types of Chuck
Each collet generally has only a narrow clamping range, which means that a large number of collets are required to hold a given range of materials in the chuck, unlike with many other types of chuck that will generally cover a wide range of sizes. This gives collet chucks the disadvantage of relatively high capital cost.
The collet's advantage over other chucks is that it manages to combine all of the following traits into one chuck, and this combination is highly valuable in an environment of repetitive part production:
- Speed of chucking (unclamp one part, switch to a new part, reclamp)
- Self-centering
- Strong clamping force
- Resistance against being jarred loose (untightened)
- Centering at a high level of precision (runout is less than 0.005 in (0.13 mm) TIR)
Of the above traits, scroll chucks offer always № 1 and № 2; usually № 3; to varying extents № 4 (depending on the situation); but not reliably № 5. Independent-jaw chucks offer always № 3; usually № 4; reliably № 5 (but at the expense of paying a skilled user to spend time achieving it); never № 2; and generally not № 1. Meanwhile, a collet chuck can deliver all 5 reliably, and with no need for a skilled user. (№s 3 to 5 do depend on the object being clamped closely matching the size and shape of the collet's clamping surface. This constraint is usually not a problem when the object is good-quality bar stock; the shank of a non-abused drill bit, reamer, endmill, etc.; or a previously machined part that is being rechucked for additional cutting operations.)
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