Whitebark Pine Mutualism
Clark's Nutcracker is the primary seed disperser for Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis). Whitebark Pine is in decline throughout its range, due to infection by White Pine Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola), widespread outbreaks of Mountain Pine Beetle, and the long term effects of fire suppression. The Clark's Nutcracker is an integral part of the Whitebark Pine restoration process: the Clark's Nutcracker must remain in Whitebark Pine forests and cache the seeds in excess, so that healthy Whitebark Pine will continue to grow. If Whitebark Pine declines into extinction, the Clark's Nutcracker will lose an important source of food and may no longer be seen in areas where Whitebark Pine is the primary source of seed, such as Glacier National Park.
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Famous quotes containing the word pine:
“Our woods are sylvan, and their inhabitants woodmen and rustics; that is selvaggia, and the inhabitants are salvages. A civilized man, using the word in the ordinary sense, with his ideas and associations, must at length pine there, like a cultivated plant, which clasps its fibres about a crude and undissolved mass of peat.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)