CIE 1931 Color Space
In the study of color perception, one of the first mathematically defined color spaces is the CIE 1931 XYZ color space, created by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931.
The CIE XYZ color space was derived from a series of experiments done in the late 1920s by W. David Wright and John Guild. Their experimental results were combined into the specification of the CIE RGB color space, from which the CIE XYZ color space was derived.
Read more about CIE 1931 Color Space: Tristimulus Values, Meaning of X, Y, and Z, The CIE Standard Observer, The CIE xy Chromaticity Diagram and The CIE xyY Color Space
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