Church Numerals
Church numerals are the representations of natural numbers under Church encoding. The higher-order function that represents natural number is a function that maps any function to its n-fold composition. In simpler terms, the "value" of the numeral is equivalent to the number of times the function encapsulates its argument.
Read more about this topic: Church Encoding
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“The Church must be forever building, for it is forever decaying within and attacked from without....”
—T.S. (Thomas Stearns)