Table of Cardinal Vowels
| cardinal | IPA | description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | close front unrounded vowel | |
| 2 | close-mid front unrounded vowel | |
| 3 | open-mid front unrounded vowel | |
| 4 | open front unrounded vowel | |
| 5 | open back unrounded vowel | |
| 6 | open-mid back rounded vowel | |
| 7 | close-mid back rounded vowel | |
| 8 | close back rounded vowel | |
| 9 | close front rounded vowel | |
| 10 | close-mid front rounded vowel | |
| 11 | open-mid front rounded vowel | |
| 12 | open front rounded vowel | |
| 13 | open back rounded vowel | |
| 14 | open-mid back unrounded vowel | |
| 15 | close-mid back unrounded vowel | |
| 16 | close back unrounded vowel | |
| 17 | Close central unrounded vowel | |
| 18 | Close central rounded vowel |
In the IPA's number chart, the cardinal vowels have the same numbers used above, but added to 300.
Read more about this topic: Cardinal Vowel
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—Oscar Wilde (1854–1900)
“In nothing was slavery so savage and relentless as in its attempted destruction of the family instincts of the Negro race in America. Individuals, not families; shelters, not homes; herding, not marriages, were the cardinal sins in that system of horrors.”
—Fannie Barrier Williams (1855–1944)
“These equal syllables alone require,
Though oft the ear the open vowels tire;”
—Alexander Pope (1688–1744)