Caetano can refer to:
- Israel Adrián Caetano, an Argentinian film director, producer, and screenplay writer
- Marcelo Caetano, the prime minister of Portugal from 1968 to 1974
- Caetano Veloso, a Brazilian composer and singer
- Salvador Caetano, a coachbuilder and vehicle distributor based in Portugal
- São Caetano (Madalena), a parish in Madalena, Azores
- São Caetano (Cantanhede), a parish in Cantanheda, Azores
- São Caetano do Sul, a city in Brazil
- Caetano Prósperi Calil, Brazilian footballer playing for AC Siena