Range
It is a resident breeder from south-eastern Turkey eastwards through Iran to southwest Turkmenistan and northeast India. Its range was formerly more extensive, but over-hunting has reduced its distribution and numbers. Fragmented populations occur in the western part of its range. They have been introduced to the Caucasus, Guam, and Hawaiian Islands. There are six recognized subspecies:
- F. f. francolinus (Linnaeus, 1766) - Western Black Francolin - Cyprus, southern Turkey to Iraq and Iran
- F. f. arabistanicus (Zarudny and Harms, 1913) - Iranian Black Francolin - southern Iraq and western Iran
- F. f. asiae (Bonaparte, 1856) - Indian Black Francolin - northern India
- F. f. henrici (Bonaparte, 1856) - South Persian Black Francolin - southern Pakistan to western India
- F. f. bogdanovi (Zarudny, 1906) - southern Iran and Afghanistan to southern Pakistan
- F. f. melanonotus (Hume, 1888) - eastern India to Sikkim and Bangladesh.
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