Berthelot is a surname, and may refer to:
- Amable Berthelot, Québécois lawyer
- André Berthelot, a secretary-general of La Grande Encyclopédie
- Chantal Berthelot, a member of the French National Assembly
- Charles Honoré Berthelot La Villeheurnois, French politician
- Francis Berthelot, science fiction author
- Henri Mathias Berthelot, French general
- Jean-Michel Berthelot, French philosopher
- Jeanne Agnès Berthelot de Pléneuf, marquise de Prie, French noblewoman
- Johnny Berthelot (born 1951), Louisiana politician
- Lucien Berthelot (1903-1985), philatelist of France
- Marcellin Pierre Eugène Berthelot, French chemist and politician (1827-1907)
- Marco Berthelot, Canadian curler
- Michel-Amable Berthelot Dartigny, Canadian politician
- Philippe Berthelot, diplomat
- Pierre Berthelot, mathematician
- René Berthelot, French composer
- Sabin Berthelot, botanist
- Sébastien Berthelot, French judoka