Background
The major objective of American operations in central Mexico had been the capture of Mexico City. After capturing the port of Veracruz in March, General Winfield Scott was able to secure a base and move inland and defeat a large Mexican force at the Battle of Cerro Gordo. After routing the Mexicans at the Battle of Churubusco, Scott's army was only five miles (8 km) away from its objective of Mexico City.
Although defeated at Cerro Gordo and Churubusco, General Santa Anna's army remained intact and totally outnumbered Scott.
Read more about this topic: Battle For Mexico City
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