Astrogliosis (can also be known as astrocytosis or referred to as reactive astrocytes) is an abnormal increase in the number of astrocytes due to the destruction of nearby neurons from infection, trauma, ischemia, stroke, autoimmune responses, and neurodegenerative disease. In healthy neural tissue, astrocytes play critical roles in energy provision, regulation of blood flow, homeostasis of extracellular fluid, homeostasis of ions and transmitters, and regulation of synapse function, and synaptic remodeling. Astrogliosis changes the molecular expression and morphology of astrocytes, causing scar formation and axon regeneration inhibition in severe cases.
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