Artaxerxes ( /ˌɑrtəˈzɜrksiːz/) may refer to:
The throne name of several Achaemenid rulers of the 1st Persian Empire:
- Artaxerxes I of Persia (died 424 BC), Artaxerxes I Longimanus, r. 465–424 BC, son and successor of Xerxes I
- Artaxerxes II of Persia (436 BC–358 BC), Artaxerxes II Memnon, r. 404–358 BC, son and successor of Darius II
- Artaxerxes III of Persia (425 BC–338 BC), Artaxerxes III Ochus, r. 358–338 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes II
- Artaxerxes IV of Persia (died 336 BC), Artaxerxes IV Arses, r. 338–336 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes III
- Artaxerxes V of Persia (died 329 BC), Artaxerxes V Bessus, r. 330–329 BC, nobleman who seized the throne from Darius III
Artaxerxes may also refer to:
- Artaxerxes (opera), a 1762 opera by Thomas Arne
- 7212 Artaxerxes, a main-belt asteroid
- Ardeshir (disambiguation), Middle Persian name descended from Old Persian Artaxšacā
In fiction:
- The wizard Artaxerxes, a character in J.R.R. Tolkien's novella "Roverandom"