Special Letters
- ڤ and/or ۋ – Ve, used in Kurdish language when written in Arabic script to represent the sound /v/. Also used as pa in the Jawi script.
- پ – Pe, used to represent the phoneme /p/ in Persian, Urdu, and Kurdish.
- چ – Che, used to represent /t͡ʃ/ ("ch"). It is used in Persian, Urdu, and Kurdish.
- Ca in the Jawi script
- ژ – Že/zhe, used to represent the voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/ in, Persian, Kurdish, Urdu and Uyghur.
- ڭ – Ng, used to represent the phone in Ottoman Turkish, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Uyghur.
- ݙ – used in Saraiki to represent a voiced retroflex implosive .
- ݐ – used to represent the equivalent of the Latin letter Ƴ (palatalized glottal stop ) in some African languages such as Fulfulde.
- ݫ – used in Ormuri to represent a voiced alveolo-palatal fricative, as well as in Torwali.
- ݭ – used in Kalami to represent a voiceless retroflex fricative, and in Ormuri to represent a voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative.
- ݜ – used in Shina to represent a voiceless retroflex fricative .
- ݪ – used in Marwari to represent a retroflex lateral flap, and in Kalami to represent a voiceless lateral fricative .
- ٻ – B̤ē, used to represent a voiced bilabial implosive in Hausa, Sindhi and Saraiki.
- ٺ – Ṭhē, represents the aspirated voiceless retroflex plosive in Sindhi.
- ﮎ – Khē, represents in Sindhi.
- ﭦ – Ṭe, used to represent Ṭ (a voiceless retroflex plosive ) in Urdu.
- ڳ – represents a voiced velar implosive /ɠ/ in Sindhi and Saraiki
- ڱ – represents the Velar nasal /ŋ/ phoneme in Sindhi.
- ڻ – represents the retroflex nasal /ɳ/ phoneme in Sindhi.
- ݨ – used in Saraiki.
- ڀ – represents an aspirated voiced bilabial plosive in Sindhi.
- ھ – Hāʾ do chahmsi, represents a aspirated consonant in Urdu.
- ڑ – Aṛ, represents a retroflex flap in Urdu.
- ڕ – used in Kurdish to represent rr in Yekgirtú spelling.
- گ – Gaf, represents a voiced velar plosive in Persian, Urdu, Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Kurdish, Uyghur, and Ottoman Turkish.
- ݢ or ڬ – Gaf, represents a voiced velar plosive in the Jawi script of Malay.
- ے – Bari ye, represents "ai" or "e" in Urdu and Punjabi.
- ێ – represents Ê or É in Kurdish.
- ۆ – represents O in Kurdish, and in Uyghur it represents the sound similar to the French eu andœu sound
- ۋ – represents a voiced labiodental fricative in Kyrgyz, Uyghur, and Old Tatar; and /w, ʊw, ʉw/ in Kazakh; also formerly used in Nogai.
- ڽ – Nya in the Jawi script.
- ڠ – Nga in the Jawi script.
- ۏ – Va in the Jawi script.
- ڈ – Ḍ in Urdu.
| Alphabet | #Chars | Languages | Region | Derived from | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic alphabet | 28 | Arabic | North Africa, West Asia | Abjad | |
| Arebica | 30 | Bosnian | Eastern Europe | Perso-Arabic | latest stage with full vowel marking |
| Arwi alphabet | Tamil | Southern India, Sri Lanka | |||
| Belarusian Arabic alphabet | Belarusian | Eastern Europe | 15th/16th century | ||
| Berber Arabic alphabet(s) | various Berber languages | North Africa | |||
| Chagatai alphabet(s) | Chagatai | Central Asia | Perso-Arabic | ||
| Jawi script | 40 | Malay and others | Malaysia | ||
| Kazakh Arabic alphabet | Kazakh | Central Asia, China | Perso-Arabic/Chagatai | since 11th century, now official only in China | |
| Khowar alphabet | Khowar | South Asia | |||
| Kyrgyz Arabic alphabet | Kyrgyz | Perso-Arabic | now official only in China | ||
| Nasta'liq script | Urdu and others | Perso-Arabic | |||
| Pashto alphabet | 45 | Pashto | Pakistan | Perso-Arabic | |
| Pegon alphabet | Javanese, Sundanese | Indonesia | |||
| Persian alphabet | Persian | ||||
| Saraiki alphabet | 42 | Saraiki | Pakistan | Perso-Arabic | |
| Shahmukhi script | Punjabi | Pakistan | Perso-Arabic | ||
| Sindhi Arabic alphabet | 52 | Sindhi | |||
| Sorabe alphabet | Malagasy | Madagascar | |||
| Soranî alphabet | 33 | Soranî | Vowels are mandatory, i.e. abugida | ||
| Swahili | |||||
| İske imlâ alphabet | Tatar | Perso-Arabic/Chagatai | 1920–1927 | ||
| Ottoman Turkish alphabet | Ottoman Turkish | Ottoman Empire | Perso-Arabic | Official until 1928 | |
| Uyghur Ereb Yëziqi | Uyghur | China, Central Asia | Perso-Arabic/Chagatai | Vowels are mandatory, i.e. abugida | |
| Wolofal script | Wolof | West Africa | |||
| Xiao'erjing | Sinitic languages | China, Central Asia | Perso-Arabic | ||
| Yaña imlâ alphabet | Tatar | Perso-Arabic/Chagatai | before 1920 |
Read more about this topic: Arabic Script
Famous quotes containing the words special and/or letters:
“The rebellion is against time pollution, the feeling that the essence of what makes life worth living—the small moments, the special family getaways, the cookies in the oven, the weekend drives, the long dreamlike summers Mso much of this has been taken from us, or we have given it up. For what? Hitachi stereos? Club Med? Company cars? Racquetball? For fifteen-hour days and lousy day care?”
—Richard Louv (20th century)
“My business is stanching blood and feeding fainting men; my post the open field between the bullet and the hospital. I sometimes discuss the application of a compress or a wisp of hay under a broken limb, but not the bearing and merits of a political movement. I make gruel—not speeches; I write letters home for wounded soldiers, not political addresses.”
—Clara Barton (1821–1912)
Related Phrases
Related Words