Incumbents
- Emperor: Hirohito (Emperor Shōwa)
- Prime Minister: Zenko Suzuki (L–Iwate) until 27 November 1982, Yasuhiro Nakasone (L–Gunma)
- Chief Cabinet Secretary: Kiichi Miyazawa (L–Hiroshima) until November 27, Masaharu Gotōda (L–Tokushima)
- Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Takaaki Hattori until September 30, Jirō Terata from October 1
- President of the House of Representatives: Hajime Fukuda (L–Fukui)
- President of the House of Councillors: Masatoshi Tokunaga (L–national)
- Diet sessions: 96th (regular session opened in December 1981, to August 21), 97th (extraordinary, November 26 to December 25), 98th (regular, December 28 to 1983, May 26)
Read more about this topic: 1982 In Japan
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