YPF

Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF; English: "Treasury Petroleum Fields") is an Argentine energy company.

Founded in 1922 under Argentinian President Hipólito Yrigoyen's administration, YPF was the first oil company in the world established as a state enterprise and the first to become vertically integrated. Its founder and first director was Enrique Mosconi, who advocated economic independence and starting in 1928, nationalization of oil resources. The latter, however, was never achieved due to a 1930 military coup against Yrigoyen backed by foreign oil trusts. YPF was privatized in 1993 and bought by the Spanish firm Repsol in 1999; the resulting merger produced Repsol YPF. The renationalization of 51% of the firm was initiated in 2012 by President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner.