The Tonkin Campaign (French: Campagne du Tonkin) was an armed conflict fought between June 1883 and April 1886 by the French against, variously, the Vietnamese, Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army and the Chinese Guangxi and Yunnan armies to occupy Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and entrench a French protectorate there. The campaign, complicated in August 1884 by the outbreak of the Sino–French War and in July 1885 by the Can Vuong nationalist uprising in Annam, which required the diversion of large numbers of French troops, was conducted by the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps, supported by the gunboats of the Tonkin Flotilla. The campaign officially ended in April 1886, when the expeditionary corps was reduced in size to a division of occupation, but Tonkin was not effectively pacified until 1896.
Read more about Tonkin Campaign: Hanoi and Nam Dinh (June–July 1883), Establishment of The French Protectorate (August 1883), Phu Hoai, Palan and Haiduong (August–November 1883), Son Tay (December 1883), Bac Ninh and Hung Hoa (January–July 1884), The Sino–French War (August 1884–April 1885), The 'pacification' of Tonkin (April 1885–April 1886), Commemoration, Key French Players in The Tonkin Campaign
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