Leningrad Codex
Gérard Gertoux wrote that in the Leningrad Codex the Masoretes used 7 different vowel pointings for YHWH. . A version of the BHS text, which is derived from the Leningrad Codex, is used to translate the Old Testament of almost all English Bibles other than the King James Bible. The Brown–Driver–Briggs Lexicon of 1905 shows only two different vowel pointings of YHWH are found in the Ben Chayyim Hebrew Text of 1525, which underlies the Old Testament of the King James Bible.
Six Hebrew spellings of the tetragrammaton are found in the Leningrad Codex of 1008–1010, as shown below. The entries in the Close Transcription column are not intended to indicate how the name was intended to be pronounced by the Masoretes, but only how the word would be pronounced if read without q're perpetuum.
| Chapter & Verse | Hebrew Spelling | Close transcription | Ref. | Explanation |
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This is the most common set of vowels, which are essentially the vowels from Adonai (with the hataf patah reverting to its natural state as a shewa). |
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This is the same as above, but with the dot over the holam/waw left out, because it is a little redundant. |
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When the Tetragrammaton is preceded by Adonai, it receives the vowels from the name Elohim instead. The hataf segol does not revert to a shewa because doing so could lead to confusion with the vowels in Adonai. |
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Just as above, this uses the vowels from Elohim, but like the second version, the dot over the holam/waw is omitted as redundant. |
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Here, the dot over the holam/waw is present, but the hataf segol does get reverted to a shewa. |
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Here, the dot over the holam/waw is omitted, and the hataf segol gets reverted to a shewa. |
ĕ is hataf segol; ǝ is the pronounced form of plain shewa.
The o diacritic dot over the letter waw is often omitted because it plays no useful role in distinguishing between the two intended pronunciations Adonai and Elohim (which both happen to have an o vowel in the same position).
Read more about this topic: Tetragrammaton, Pronunciation