Examples of Temperature
| Temperature | Peak emittance wavelength of black-body radiation |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Kelvin | Degrees Celsius | ||
| Absolute zero (precisely by definition) |
0 K | −273.15 °C | cannot be defined |
| Coldest temperature achieved |
100 pK | −273.149999999900 °C | 29,000 km |
| Coldest Bose–Einstein condensate |
450 pK | −273.14999999955 °C | 6,400 km |
| One millikelvin (precisely by definition) |
0.001 K | −273.149 °C | 2.89777 m (radio, FM band) |
| Water's triple point (precisely by definition) |
273.16 K | 0.01 °C | 10,608.3 nm (long wavelength I.R.) |
| Water's boiling point | 373.1339 K | 99.9839 °C | 7,766.03 nm (mid wavelength I.R.) |
| Incandescent lamp | 2500 K | ≈2,200 °C | 1,160 nm (near infrared) |
| Sun's visible surface | 5,778 K | 5,505 °C | 501.5 nm (green-blue light) |
| Lightning bolt's channel |
28 kK | 28,000 °C | 100 nm (far ultraviolet light) |
| Sun's core | 16 MK | 16 million °C | 0.18 nm (X-rays) |
| Thermonuclear weapon (peak temperature) |
350 MK | 350 million °C | 8.3×10−3 nm (gamma rays) |
| Sandia National Labs' Z machine |
2 GK | 2 billion °C | 1.4×10−3 nm (gamma rays) |
| Core of a high-mass star on its last day |
3 GK | 3 billion °C | 1×10−3 nm (gamma rays) |
| Merging binary neutron star system |
350 GK | 350 billion °C | 8×10−6 nm (gamma rays) |
| Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider |
1 TK | 1 trillion °C | 3×10−6 nm (gamma rays) |
| CERN's proton vs nucleus collisions |
10 TK | 10 trillion °C | 3×10−7 nm (gamma rays) |
| Universe 5.391×10−44 s after the Big Bang |
1.417×1032 K | 1.417×1032 °C | 1.616×10−26 nm (Planck Length) |
- A For Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water at one standard atmosphere (101.325 kPa) when calibrated strictly per the two-point definition of thermodynamic temperature.
- B The 2500 K value is approximate. The 273.15 K difference between K and °C is rounded to 300 K to avoid false precision in the Celsius value.
- C For a true black-body (which tungsten filaments are not). Tungsten filaments' emissivity is greater at shorter wavelengths, which makes them appear whiter.
- D Effective photosphere temperature. The 273.15 K difference between K and °C is rounded to 273 K to avoid false precision in the Celsius value.
- E The 273.15 K difference between K and °C is without the precision of these values.
- F For a true black-body (which the plasma was not). The Z machine's dominant emission originated from 40 MK electrons (soft x–ray emissions) within the plasma.
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