Examples
The German verb ankommen is a separable verb, and is used here as the first illustration:
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a. Sie kommt sofort an. she comes immediately at - 'She is arriving immediately.' b. Sie kam sofort an. she came immediately at - 'She arrived immediately.' c. Sie wird sofort ankommen. she will immediately at.come - 'She will arrive immediately.' d. Sie ist sofort angekommen. she is immediately at.come - 'She arrived immediately.'
The first two examples, sentences a and b, contain the "simple" tenses. In matrix declarative clauses that lack auxiliary verbs, the verb and its particle (both in bold) are separated, the verb appearing in V2 position and the particle appearing in clause-final position. The second two examples, sentences c and d, contain the so-called "complex tenses"; they show that when an auxiliary verb appears, the separable verb is not separated, but rather the stem verb and particle appear together as a single word.
The following two examples are from Dutch:
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a. Ik kom morgen aan. I come tomorrow at - 'I am arriving tomorrow.' b. Hij is aangekomen. he is at.come - 'He has arrived.'
The Dutch verb aankomen is separable, as illustrated in the first sentence with the simple present tense, whereas when an auxiliary verb appears (here is) as in the second sentence with present perfect tense/aspect, the lexical verb and its particle appear together as a single word.
The following examples are from Hungarian:
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a. Leteszem a telefont. up.I.hang the phone - 'I hang up the phone.' b. Nem teszem le a telefont. not I.hang up the phone - 'I do not hang up the phone.'
The verb letesz is separated in the negative sentence. Affixes in Hungarian are also separated from the verb in imperative and prohibitive moods. Moreover, word order influences the strength of prohibition, as the following examples show:
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c. Ne tedd le a telefont. not hang up the phone - 'Don't hang up the phone.' d. Le ne tedd a telefont. up not hang the phone - 'Don't you hang up the phone!' (stronger prohibition)
Read more about this topic: Separable Verb
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