Rowbotham is a surname. Etymologically it is roe-bottom, meaning a depression in the ground (Old English bothm) inhabited by deer (roe). The name originates from such a geographic feature near Ashton-under-Lyne, England. It is shared by the following people:
- Claude Rowbotham (1864-1949), British artist
- David Rowbotham (born 1924), Australian poet and journalist
- Jason Rowbotham (born 1969), Welsh footballer
- Joseph Rowbotham (1831-1899), English cricketer
- Michael Rowbotham, political and economic writer and commentator
- Mike Rowbotham (born 1989), Canadian amateur wrestler and professional mixed martial arts fighter
- Samuel Rowbotham (1816-1884), English inventor and writer
- Sheila Rowbotham (born 1943), British socialist feminist theorist
- Stanley Rowbotham (1890-1979), British anaesthetist
- Thomas Charles Leeson Rowbotham (1823-1875), British painter
- Thomas Leeson Scrase Rowbotham (1782-1853), British painter