NRO may stand for:
- National Reconnaissance Office, a United States intelligence agency whose primary purpose is the maintenance of that country's reconnaissance satellites
- National Review Online, web version of the magazine National Review
- Non-resident Oriya, an informal term for people of Oriya ancestry
- Nobeyama radio observatory, a division of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
- Number Resource Organization, an organization that manages the allocation and registration of Internet number resources
- National Reconciliation Ordinance, a Pakistani ordinance