Degrees of Freedom
In order to calculate the degrees of freedom for between-subjects effects, dfBS = R – 1, where R refers to the number of levels of between-subject groups.
In the case of the degrees of freedom for the between-subject effects error, dfBS(Error) = Nk – R, where Nk is equal to the number of participants, and again R is the number of levels.
To calculate the degrees of freedom for within-subject effects, dfWS = C – 1, where C is the number of within-subject tests. For example, if participants completed a specific measure at three time points, C = 3, and dfWS = 2.
The degrees of freedom for the interaction term of between-subjects by within-subjects term(s), dfBSXWS = (R – 1)(C – 1), where again R refers to the number of levels of the between-subject groups, and C is the number of within-subject tests.
Finally, the within-subject error is calculated by, dfWS(Error) = (Nk – R)(C – 1), in which Nk is the number of participants, R and C remain the same.
Read more about this topic: Mixed-design Analysis Of Variance
Famous quotes containing the words degrees of, degrees and/or freedom:
“Always the laws of light are the same, but the modes and degrees of seeing vary.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“How have I been able to live so long outside Nature without identifying myself with it? Everything lives, moves, everything corresponds; the magnetic rays, emanating either from myself or from others, cross the limitless chain of created things unimpeded; it is a transparent network that covers the world, and its slender threads communicate themselves by degrees to the planets and stars. Captive now upon earth, I commune with the chorus of the stars who share in my joys and sorrows.”
—Gérard De Nerval (1808–1855)
“There should be a sympathy with freedom, a desire to give it scope, founded not upon visionary ideas, but upon the long experience of many generations within the shores of this happy isle, that in freedom you lay the firmest foundations both of loyalty and order.”
—W.E. (William Ewart)