Degrees of Freedom
In order to calculate the degrees of freedom for between-subjects effects, dfBS = R – 1, where R refers to the number of levels of between-subject groups.
In the case of the degrees of freedom for the between-subject effects error, dfBS(Error) = Nk – R, where Nk is equal to the number of participants, and again R is the number of levels.
To calculate the degrees of freedom for within-subject effects, dfWS = C – 1, where C is the number of within-subject tests. For example, if participants completed a specific measure at three time points, C = 3, and dfWS = 2.
The degrees of freedom for the interaction term of between-subjects by within-subjects term(s), dfBSXWS = (R – 1)(C – 1), where again R refers to the number of levels of the between-subject groups, and C is the number of within-subject tests.
Finally, the within-subject error is calculated by, dfWS(Error) = (Nk – R)(C – 1), in which Nk is the number of participants, R and C remain the same.
Read more about this topic: Mixed-design Analysis Of Variance
Famous quotes containing the words degrees of, degrees and/or freedom:
“Gradually we come to admit that Shakespeare understands a greater extent and variety of human life than Dante; but that Dante understands deeper degrees of degradation and higher degrees of exaltation.”
—T.S. (Thomas Stearns)
“The most durable thing in writing is style, and style is the most valuable investment a writer can make with his time. It pays off slowly, your agent will sneer at it, your publisher will misunderstand it, and it will take people you have never heard of to convince them by slow degrees that the writer who puts his individual mark on the way he writes will always pay off.”
—Raymond Chandler (1888–1959)
“On the farm I had learned how to meet realities without suffering either mentally or physically. My initiative had never been blunted. I had freedom to succeed—freedom to fail. Life on the farm produces a kind of toughness.”
—Bertha Van Hoosen (1863–1952)